Sunday, 19 May 2013
Genetic Engineering as Threat to Nigeria’s Food Security By Nnimmo Bassey
Food production and hunger continue to be issues of major concern in Nigeria and in Africa as a whole. The continent has been the poster child of hunger and malnutrition since the structural adjustment programme (SAP) policies decimated the agricultural sector from the early 1980s. This picture has remained persistent for a number of reasons. Some of these include the occasional food shortages experienced in parts of the continent as a result of weather events that impact the agricultural sector and the way these shortages are managed.
Some of us believe that African agriculture has been quite resilient and can be improved upon without having to be pushed into the mould fabricated by the policies whose aims are to make the continent dependent on imports and on so-called food aid.
In this article we are responding to views credited to the Director General of the Nigeria Biotechnology Development Agency (NABDA) as published in the Vanguard newspaper of 31 December 2012 in a report captioned “BT Technology Can Assist Nigeria’s Food Security – Solomon”.
We can understand the struggle of the head of agency set up to develop modern biotechnology seeking to perform their duties, but this must be within the realm of global reality, facts and fears concerning the ideas and products being plied.
Before we look at the contentious issues, it is important we state that the idea of setting up the Nigeria Biotechnology Development Agency was hasty as it was set up in a situation where Nigeria did not have and still does not have an adequate regulatory framework such as a Biosafety Law. Secondly, an agency for the development of biotechnology should only have been set up after the need for such an agency had been clearly and publicly seen to exist. We must see danger signals when Prof Solomon states, “My major concern is that we should not be over regulated”. Generally, commercial proponents of genetic engineering abhor regulation, and it is surprising that the NABDA boss should toe this line.
Another preliminary issue here is that food security can best be attained within the context of food sovereignty. Food security is mainly concerned with availability and accessibility of food, keeping down the numbers of the hungry. Food sovereignty on the other hand goes beyond this to demand that such foods must be wholesome, culturally appropriate and are produced on the principles of agro-ecology to ensure maintenance of environmental integrity. Clearly modern biotechnology is against the achievement of food sovereignty as its products go against the grain of local contexts/environments and do not respect local knowledge but rather are dictated by corporate interests and those of governments who are bent on promoting the corporate takeover of food production and marketing systems around the world.
The NABDA boss informs us that Nigeria already has three genetically engineered crops in confined field trial. He names them as BT cowpea in Zaria, the African bio-fortified sorghum also in Zaria and the Cassava plus at the National Root Crops Institute at Umudike, Abia State. It will be proper for the agency to publish the results of their confined field trials as well as notify Nigerians as to where the crops were engineered and for what purposes. Could it be that our agencies and institutes are merely surrogates for experimentation on behalf of foreign/commercial interests? Have these test crops already been smuggled into the farms? Are we eating them already?
We have had cause to argue that Nigeria does not need genetically engineered cassava, for instance, when research institutes have already developed varieties that are capable of fighting the major diseases that plague the crop. The Umudike trials were for cassava fortified with higher levels of vitamin A. We certainly do not need to endanger our environment and crop varieties for such purposes when simple education to ensure that citizens eat crops such as carrots with high vitamin A content would suffice.
One understands the frustrations of the promoters of genetically engineered crops. To start with the technology is fast becoming old fashioned as more aggressive varieties of ways to tamper with nature are being developed. We refer here to the vastly unregulated fields of nanotechnology and synthetic biology. In the light of recent developments, the NABDA boss’s claim in the interview that this is the era of biotechnology is far fetched.
Our experts on genetic engineering keep parroting sales information from the likes of Monsanto whom the NABDA boss characterises as “the leader” in the field while speaking about the spread of Bt cotton. According to him, Monsanto is “the one giving the technology to Burkina Faso.” The last cotton harvest in Burkina Faso was a fiasco for the poor farmers who have been trapped in the Bt cotton web.
Burkina Faso Bt cotton farmers harvested cotton with shorter fibres than the traditional varieties they used to plant and thus suffered loses. Why are our genetic engineering promoters not sharing this sad information with the public? In the past, the false example of Bt cotton success in Africa used to be the Makathini Flats in South Africa. The remarkable failures there and the abandonment of the crop have led to silence on that.
Professor Solomon singles out Friends of the Earth as opposing the development of biotech in Europe. The truth is that there are many groups, including farmers and social movements, who are absolutely opposed to modern biotechnology in agriculture not only in Europe but also around the world. If the Europeans solved their food problems as alleged was this done via the genetic engineering route?
Another claim that requires a quick response is where the report claims that “the Germans have suddenly developed the industrial potatoes and already, the Irish that we named the Irish potatoes after have taken the German potatoes and are already growing it. So, it now pleases them to do that. In Spain they are already growing BT rice and many part of Europe BT crops are already being developed.”
The truth is that although there was an industrial starch GM potato developed in Germany, and approved at EU level nobody has grown it because a conventional variety already existed. In fact Europeans generally do not want to grow a GM crop even for industrial use.
Unlike the impression the report seeks to give, there is only one very small trial for GM blight resistant potatoes in Ireland and even this little trial is widely opposed. And we should state here that although Spain does grow Bt maize it does not grow GM rice. In fact there is no commercial GM rice openly grown anywhere in the world. There was a global uproar in 2006/2007 when a GM variety labelled Liberty Link Rice was found on market shelves (through monitoring and testing) in some countries including in Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone and elsewhere in 2006 and 2007. With little or no monitoring of our markets there is likelihood that we may be assailed by these illegal products already.
Genetically engineered crops are being resisted and rejected in many countries in Africa and it is not correct to paint a picture of major strides being made in East Africa. There are no such wide open doors.
It is vital to mention here that a report of the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD) issued in April 2008 clearly showed that modern biotechnology is not the key to the future of food production in the world. Bodies such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), the World Bank, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) sponsored the report that was prepared by up to 400 scientists and related experts. About 60 countries including Nigeria have endorsed this report.
The so-called Open Forum being run by NABDA once a month in various parts of the country to press for the signing of the Biosafety Bill by the president are anything but open. Nigerians deserve to have truly open debates on these very important issues so that citizens can weigh the options and decide if they want their genetic resources contaminated, eroded and taken over by corporate interests without regard to our sovereignty and right to wholesome food. Genetic engineering poses serious and unpredictable risks in the environment. The crops do not yield more than traditional varieties; they are not more nutritious and require extensive chemical external inputs made and sold by the same promoting corporations. African researchers should be concerned with methods of agro-ecological agriculture, cooperating with nature and using knowledge accumulated over centuries of practice.
Monsanto Profit for the year!
I notice that Wall street journal reference of Monsanto profit is not available, in public interest, I have fished out the same info:
"The company raised its earnings guidance for the year, briefly lifting its shares to its highest level in more than four years. The company's sales grew 21 per cent to $2.9 billion in the quarter,...For all of fiscal 2013, the company expects profit of $4.30 to $4.40 per share"
http://www.canada.com/business/Monsanto+firstquarter+profit+nearly+tripl...
'The company’s first fiscal period is usually not very profitable, as farming operations slow during the fall months in the U.S. and Europe. But increased sales in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and other Latin American countries helped drive earnings from September through November.'
http://www.boston.com/business/news/2013/01/08/monsanto-profit-balloons-...
Possible link of GM crops with cancer
There is a possible link of GM crops with cancer.Nigerians are known to be betrayers,Nija,don't let this greedy bastards destroy your lives.
This is not allowed in civilised countries i.e Britain,Russia etc, that provides free healthcare ,how much more,Nigeria that doesn't have a healthcare not to talk of free.You with only end up in miracle centres at churches,so be warned.
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Genetically engineered (GE) crops are not as successful as it appears on the surface: 'A report released by Britain's Soil Association through a massive compilation of data showed GE crops have cost American taxpayers $12 billion in farm subsidies in the past three years. "Within a few years of the introduction of GM crops, almost the entire $300 million annual US maize exports to the EU had disappeared, and the US share of the soya market had decreased,'
"The problem with letting any private company fund and develop agriculture is that their primary concern will be with their own bottom line, rather than food security. Simply put, their objective is not the fight against hunger, it's to make money."
TRANSGENIC COLONIZATION of africa? Conclusion
In concluding, I have nothing against biotechnology, it is crucial area that any country that is worth its salt should pursue actively. What I am against is the attempt to mortgage the lives and livelihood of Nigerians yet unborn to callous profit seekers with no interest of Nigeria at heart.
Nigeria should therefore thread very very carefully.
Our farmers, for many centuries, quietly carried out their own 'genetic engineering'. Once a foreign commercial entity takes over our food/seed production, we are at their mercy for generations. Until our own home grown unit can face the challenges, Agricultural policy makers should not be bamboozled! We have suffered enough of colonizations this century.
Mr. Bassey, we the people appreciate your real contribution to humanity and Nigerians in particular. Thank you and keep up the good work.
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Is Monsanto operating in Nigeria?
I bet you, it is!!!!
They not only operate in Burkina Faso and Kenya but are in Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, Egypt, S. Africa and Nigeria!
http://www.monsantoafrica.com/biotechnology/in_africa.asp
Are our government abreast of the implication of disenfranchising the livelihood of the farmers and handing the National food security to corporations whose only motive is profit and more profits?
Monsanto's Profit, Sales Jumps - Jan. 8 2013, Wall Street Journal - http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000142412788732348250457822940026225237...
Have they heard of Agent Orange, bovine growth hormone: part past history of Monsanto? Website:"Monsanto is a relatively new company. While we share the name and history of a company that was founded in 1901, the Monsanto of today is focused on agriculture and supporting farmers around the world in their mission to produce... We’re an agricultural company."
Ask India!
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"Now, imagine that after years of global poisoning of the water supplies for over the past century with the full gamut of Monsanto's chemicals, including PCBs, dioxin and glyophosate (Roundup), the company, seeing a profitable market niche, is taking control of the public water resources they polluted, filtering it, and selling it back to the people?!!!! In short, Monsanto is said to be making a double profit by polluting the world's scarce freshwater resources, privately taking ownership of that water, filtering it, and selling it back to those who can afford to pay for it."
http://rense.com/general20/re.htm
http://www.purewatergazette.net/privatizationofwater.htm
This is ahappening not only in US but also India!
http://www.globalresearch.ca/killer-seeds-the-devastating-impacts-of-mon...
TRANSGENIC COLONIZATION of africa? (9)
Monsanto's routine discharge of toxic waste into a west Anniston creek clearly reminds me of a drama series:
"DAMAGES" Episode 13, season 3: "I Knew Your Pig"
In the story, Patty (a ruthless lawyer) begins to suspect a decade-old secret. "Ultima National", a huge Coal Corporation was dumping stuff and the polluted water was killing the animals and decimating the lives of the farmers but were afraid to talk.
Purcell contracts someone to investigate the water contamination in West Virginia by the company "Ultima National".
The episode highlights the extent Corporations can go in decimating the livelihood of farmers in their heartless pursuit of profit.
TRANSGENIC COLONIZATION of africa?(8)
Monsanto's products also affect fishes and animals;
"They also know that for nearly 40 years, while producing the now-banned industrial coolants known as PCBs at a local factory, Monsanto
Co. routinely discharged toxic waste into a west Anniston creek and dumped millions of pounds of PCBs into oozing open-pit landfills. And thousands of pages of Monsanto documents -- many emblazoned with warnings such as "CONFIDENTIAL: Read and Destroy" -- show that for decades, the corporate giant concealed what it did and what it knew."
In 1966, Monsanto managers discovered that fish submerged in that creek turned belly-up within 10 seconds, spurting blood and shedding skin as if dunked into boiling water." http://lists.iatp.org/listarchive/archive.cfm?id=42883 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A46648-2001Dec31.html
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Health Implications:
Eminent oncologists Dr. Lennart Hardell and Dr. Mikael Eriksson of Sweden has revealed clear links between one of the world's biggest selling herbicide, glyphosate, to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a form of cancer.
http://www.organicconsumers.org/monsanto/glyphocancer.cfm
"Reduced growth, impaired defences, impaired uptake and translocation of nutrients, and altered physiology of plants by glyphosate can affect susceptibility or tolerance to various diseases. Glyphosate chelation of nutrients in the plant and soil can render those nutrients immobile and unavailable for plant use or uptake, while toxicity to essential synergistic and beneficial soil organisms further reduces availability of nutrients that are critical for a plant’s physiological defences to disease."
http://www.organicconsumers.org/documents/huber-glyphosates-2009.pdf
TRANSGENIC COLONIZATION of africa? (6)
Monsanto tactic is legendary and represented below:
http://nelsonfarm.net/zielinskiletter.htm
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0AL4yml3bw
Monsanto harasses small farmers:
a) "Schmeiser has been growing canola..for 40 years...experimenting, developing his own varieties, using his own seed and prospering with canola. So when Monsanto, the giant multinational agro-chemical company that is at the forefront of developing genetically modified foods, accused him of patent infringement and demanded restitution for its seeds, he chose to fight rather than roll over and take it."
About half the canola planted in Saskatchewan this year comes from it Monsanto, but keeps the rights to the DNA itself.
http://www.percyschmeiser.com/conflict.htm
b) Nelson family of Amenia, ND: Fraase their lawyer said Monsanto's tough strategy: 'the Nelsons feel Monsanto has singled them out as an example so farmers here will fear Monsanto. http://nelsonfarm.net/glovesoff.htm
TRANSGENIC COLONIZATION of africa? (5)
Mexican Corn:
Mexico has banned GE corn, but because of NAFTA agreement, they STILL import some:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BSI29iv2roE
Colombia:
There is allegation that they are poisoning third world countries and their products have a link to cancer.
Monsanto has also been implicated in the indiscriminate sale and use of RoundUp Ultra in the anti-drug fumigation efforts of Plan Colombia. RoundUp Ultra is a highly concentrated version of Monsanto's glyphosate herbicide, with additional surfactants to increases its lethality. Local communities and human rights organizations charge that Ultra is destroying food crops, water sources and protected areas in the Andes, primarily Colombia.
Paradoxically, the use of RoundUp Ultra has actually increased coca cultivation in the Andes. As local farming communities are increasingly impacted by RoundUp Ultra fumigations, many turn to the drug trade as a means of economic survival.
TRANSGENIC COLONIZATION of africa? (4)
Food, Crop and Financial implications:
Individual products in other countries:
Canada: The company sells the seed - about half the canola planted in Saskatchewan this year comes from it - but Monsanto keeps the rights to the DNA itself. You cannot replant and have to buy new seeds every year! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0AL4yml3bw
India's Cotton production:
Official report of the Govt. of the State of Andhra Pradesh, India, on the performance of genetically modified Bt cotton in the season 2002, "shows that in North Telengana, net income from Bt varieties was five times less than the yield from local non-Bt varieties. In addition, Monsanto cotton have a smaller boll size, shorter fibre length, poorer cotton quality leading to low market demand and with the lower yield, it lead to an overall loss of income for farmers who have cultivated the Monsanto cotton.
http://www.organicconsumers.org/ge/bt_cotton.cfm
TRANSGENIC COLONIZATION of africa? (3)
TRANSGENIC COLONIZATION of africa? (3)
When you look at the international scene, one name keeps cropping up - Monsanto! They have been involved for decades with genetic crop modification, Chemical production (Dioxin and Vietnam) with dire consequences for the communities that are involved:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vj-G6VhUynY
When Phil Angell, Monsanto Director of communications says “Monsanto should not have to vouchsafe the safety of biotech food," "Our interest is in selling as much of it as possible. Assuring its safety is the FDA's job.”,
Nigerian Government and agencies should take note. Monsanto has become so powerful that a number of people with Monsanto Jobs play active role in the Government of USA. There is nothing wrong with that, but when your role in a private company conflicts with public interest, then it is unethical and unacceptable.
TRANSGENIC COLONIZATION of africa? (2)
Solomon said: "My major concern is that we should not be over regulated."
My concern is that with African leaders focusing on EMBEZZLEMENT, Africans are snoozing, whilst on the threshold of a 3rd and mortal colonization of our food supply.
Who is NABDA? FEC approved the National Biotechnology Policy on 23rd April 2001, leading to the establishment of NABDA in Nov. 2001. The Agency was established to implement the policy aimed at promoting, coordinating, and setting research and development priority in biotechnology for Nigeria. They are aligned with several foreign institutions.
Once giant International agrocompanies step in, and finance the projects, mass starvation in Ethiopia of yesteryears will be child's play. Prof. Solomon has an enviable CV. Will he use his expertise in advancing the course of the small scale farmer or will he join our political elites in decimating our society and way of life?
TRANSGENIC COLONIZATION of africa? (1)
Thank you Mr. Nnimmo Bassey, for your timely rebuttal on Prof. Solomon's article on the very explosive and sensitive issue of food production inadequacy and the unspoken aspect of subterranean intrigues of big corporation and their fixation on profit to the detriment and DISREGARD of the safety of the society at large. I do not know how it escaped my attention!
You said "Genetically engineered crops are being resisted and rejected in many countries in Africa and it is not correct to paint a picture of major strides being made in East Africa."
Rightly so, in fact, it is not just in Africa but other continents as well. For years I have closely followed the close alignment/cooperation of Governments, Agricultural conglomerates and their plans to corner and dominate a crucial life giving aspects of water and food production.
Prof. solomon, sorry oh
most of the people pushing for the signing of the biosafety bill into law are definitely fronting for some big multinational companies who are the sister organization of Mosanto et al. Just like Nnimmo Bassey pionted out, after selling us the GM seeds, we will still need to but the herbicides and pesticides from them, and it is the sellers' market thus enslaving us, there is no way we can get the technology to be self sufficient providing our GM seeds. Have you ever thought of why we still keep relying on the for anti-malaria drug when they easily develop a once and for all vaccine just like for Polio? Malaria is endemic in sub-sahara Africa, and the population of areas is enough market for the Western Drug companies. We need a home grown solution to our agricultural problems in this era of ZERO TILLAGE.
many thanks for your vigilance
Nnimmo, you raised very important issues concerning the conducts of NABDA headed by Prof. bamidele Solomon. It is unfortunate that the people that should be protecting our genetic resources are those pushing for GM crops on our farms. It should be noted that as of today, the EU has not ratified the use of GM crops in Europe. Israel that plants GM crops only export such to USA and not Europe. It important to note that those championing GM crops in Nigeria have some pecuniary gain therein. There are so many things we need to put in place prior to introduction of GM crops into the country, otherwise, we are risking the future of the country. Nigeria is blessed with so many genetic diversity, domesticated and in the wild, which will come in handy in case of eventualties in the world. A word is enough for the wise.
GMOs: Major Threat to National Security (Part 1)
Mr. Bassey,
Thank you for a very thorough and well articulated response to the NABDA Director General. I'm afraid that there is currently a very limited awareness of the issues surrounding genetic engineering by we Nigerians and your article provides a much needed jumping off point for a national dialogue.
While it is easy for the corporate interests to promote the purported benefits of their GM products, where their arguments, marketing strategies and dirty tricks will ultimately fail will be on the issues of food sovereignty and food security (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4153635.stm, http://www.panna.org/blog/was-it-bribe-monsanto). In spite of all the economic activity going on in places like Lagos and other large cities, the economic engine that actually keeps Nigeria afloat and keeps the country from starving to death is the small farmer. (contd. below)
Thank you Nnimmo!
In Lagos, folks queue @ Shoprite to fight over GMO wheat bread. Monsanto's Roundup pesticide is sold along with their genetically engineered seeds. In Asia, farmers committed suicide as Monsanto's cotton seed variety didn't meet traditional yields & farms got poisoned by its Roundup weed killer making it impossible to grow native seedlings. Rats fed GMO products developed huge cancer tumors after a while. Watch this; http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Njd0RugGjAg or read this http://thewestandothers.blogspot.com/2012/09/the-gmo-debate-is-over.html; http://thewestandothers.blogspot.com/2011/06/of-bill-gates-kofi-annan-co... http://thewestandothers.blogspot.com/2012/03/bill-gates-monsanto-and-eug...
Monsanto's staff are forbidden to eat GMO food; http://thewestandothers.blogspot.com/2012/10/look-whos-not-eating-gmo-fo... Solomon is nothing but an evil corporate agent masquerading as an intellectual. He should know better, if he wasn't.

