Wednesday, 22 May 2013
Abacha Memo Sanctions Killing Of Ken Saro-Wiwa and Others - PREMIUM TIMES
In November 1995, while there was an overwhelming international outcry mounted against the execution of the Ogoni leader, Ken Saro-Wiwa and his colleagues, defiant military dictator, Sani Abacha, backed by a small band of military officers, convinced themselves that executing them, swiftly, was the best way to resolve the Ogoni unrest “once and for all”, and to make it clear to Nigerians and the world that the authoritarian regime was no weakling.
A recording of the final meeting, where the decision to hang Mr. Saro-Wiwa and eight of his associates was taken, said, two days before the execution, Mr. Abacha told members of the Provisional Ruling Council, PRC, the regime’s highest decision making body, that the activists deserved no sympathy, and that hanging them would stem further discontent and prove to the world that the regime was bold and courageous.
“He was of the view that no sympathy should be shown on the convicts so that the sentence will be a lesson to everybody. He stated that the Ogoni issue had lingered on for a very long time and should be addressed once and for all,” Mr. Abacha was quoted in the document now available exclusively to PREMIUM TIMES.
The former head of state said Mr. Saro-Wiwa was a foreign agent used to destabilize Nigeria, and a “separatist” who cloaked himself as an environmental activist, but whose true intention was to split the country and subvert its authority.
Members of the PRC at the time were Mr. Abacha; Maj. General Patrick Aziza (Minister of Communications under Abacha); Major Gen. Tajudeen Olarenwaju (GOC); General Abdulsalami Abubakar (Chief of Defence Staff); Lt. General Oladipo Diya (Chief of General Staff); Maj. Gen. Victor Malu (GOC); Ibrahim Coomasie (Inspector General of Police); Mike Akhigbe (Chief of Naval Staff); Maj. General Ishaya Bamaiyi (Chief of Army Staff); Nsikak Eduok (Chief of Air Staff); Lt. Gen. Jeremiah Useni (Minister of the Federal Capital Territory) and Michael Agbamuche (Attorney General of the Federation and Minister of Justice).
Mr. Saro-Wiwa, a respected writer, activist and environmental campaigner, had been sentenced to death by a military tribunal set up by the regime. He was accused of masterminding the killings of four prominent Ogoni leaders – charges he forcefully denied.
The charges were widely viewed as framed to silence Mr. Saro-Wiwa’s campaign against the exploitation and degradation of the Ogoni land by international oil majors, especially Shell.
But while a global campaign to block the implementation of the tribunal’s verdict intensified, the regime, on November 10, 1995, two days after its meeting, staged a fast-tracked execution of the ruling, with a gruesome hanging of the nine leaders.
Others killed were Saturday Dobee, Nordu Eawo, Daniel Gbooko, Paul Levera, Felix Nuate, Baribor Bera, Barinem Kiobel, and John Kpuine.
The Condemnations
The killings sparked international outrage. While the European Union and the United States placed an economic embargo and other restrictions on the country, the Commonwealth promptly suspended the country from its fold.
Shell, at the centre of the unrest, was accused of complicity in the killings, with allegations it sponsored the military junta’s onslaught on Ogoniland.
The company denied the allegations despite testimonies stating otherwise, and a $15.5 million out-of-court settlement it agreed in favour of the families of the victims in 2009. Shell said the payment was not a concession of guilt, but a gesture of peace.
The minutes of the military council meeting preceding the executions, a four-page memo, kept secret for years, document the behind-the-scenes moves at the highest echelons of the Abacha regime’s decision-making organ, as it hurried through with the executions.
The details shed light on how the junta, accused of rights violations and fierce brutality, considered an unprecedented domestic and international calls to suspend the killings.
Besides deciding to forge ahead with the execution, the document states, the PRC offered frantic justification for the killings, planned broad state-sponsored propaganda against the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People, MOSOP; considered the proscription of MOSOP; and how to further divide the group’s ranks, and “neutralize” its members.
Mr. Abacha chaired the meeting on November 8, 1995, and led junta officials through a deliberation that sought a speedy implementation of the death verdicts-which was implemented less than 48 hours after the meeting.
Ignoring Pressure
While a global campaign pushed for the rulings of the Kangaroo tribunal to be shelved, the minute shows, the 11-member PRC, comprising service chiefs, top military commanders, the Inspector General of Police and the Attorney General of the Federation, never considered backing down.
Instead, junta officials warned that a reversal would portray weakness. They accused the international community of double standards; choosing, for economic reasons, to look the other way when similar state decisions were taken elsewhere.
“The council was advised not to yield to pressure from the West, championed by the United States of America. The council was reminded that the Arab countries visited crimes with measurable punishment for which the West saw nothing wrong because of their economic interest,” the minutes said.
“It was therefore advocated that minimum time be wasted between the council decision and its implementation,” it adds.
The junta described Mr. Saro-Wiwa‘s alleged crime as “heinous” and accused the media of attempting to whip up sympathy for him and the other accused.
“It was cautioned that if members soft-pedaled, the administration would be regarded as a weakling,” the document states.
The ‘Ungrateful’ Ogoni’s
With the backing of the council members, Mr. Abacha then declared that “anyone who killed his fellow citizen did not deserve to live”.
Mr. Abacha believed the Ogonis were asking for too much, and were ungrateful for “ sizable federal investment” located in the area- possibly a reference to Onne port and Eleme petrochemicals, both near Port Harcourt.
Despite the extensive considerations, barely did the meeting brook counter-opinion not in line with Mr. Abacha’s.
A suggestion by an unnamed member that in future such trials should be conducted by civil courts not to unnecessarily rile the international community was promptly overruled by Mr. Abacha who spoke of his preference for military tribunal for its speed.
“On whether the military tribunals should be replaced with civil courts, he expressed preference for military tribunals which he said considered and decided cases with dispatch,” the minutes said of Mr. Abacha.
The tribunal that convicted Mr. Saro-Wiwa turned out amongst the most controversial. Headed by Justice Ibrahim Auta, the current Chief Judge of the Federal High Court, the panel delivered a speedy, but severely criticized verdict on October 31, 1995, barely nine months after it was convened.
The panel faced severe criticism for alleged high-handedness, prompting defense lawyers, led by late Gani Fawehinmi, Femi Falana and Olisa Agbakoba, to stand down after accusing the Auta-led tribunal of violating all known judicial ethics and rules.
Mr. Auta, then a mid-career judge, turned down two key requests from the defence team, namely, two weeks of access to Mr. Saro-Wiwa and the rest, (having been denied access to their counsels); and an order transferring the accused from a military cell in Port Harcourt to a civil prison.
Mr. Saro-Wiwa and his colleagues were condemned to death without legal representations.
In years, Mr. Auta has risen to become a Chief Judge while the lead prosecutor, Joseph Daudu, is the immediate past chairman of the Nigerian Bar Association.
Praising Justice Auta, Others
As the military brass met that November 8, 1995, the severely-castigated tribunal came up for a decent dose of praise for its “painstaking consideration” of the facts.
Mr. Saro-Wiwa’s campaign dated decades, but peaked in the 1990s as he struggled to draw national and international attention to the deprivations the Ogonis faced while Shell and American firm, Chevron, degraded their land and carted away billions of petrodollars.
Arrested and released repeatedly, the crisis took a fatal twist after four Ogoni leaders – accused of selling out to the government and Shell- were mobbed to death by some youths.
Mr. Saro-Wiwa denied the youths carried out his order; a claim countered by the military government, which, before then, had endured devastating restiveness the activist led to cripple oil production.
In turn, the military was accused of staging the killings as a way of eliminating the activists.
As the Abacha government faced the Saro-Wiwa episode in 1995, it had its hands full with a coup’detat case in which former president, Olusegun Obasanjo, and others were indicted.
Amid international condemnation against the coup indictments, an allegation also viewed as staged to hound opponents, the regime backed down from its initial plan to execute the alleged coup plotters. But it later regretted that compassion, feeling it acted feebly.
The Saro-Wiwa case presented an opportunity to right that wrong and proved a strong point, the document said.
“Council was reminded that the government’s decision on the plotters had sent wrong signals to the generality of Nigerians and that the current case should be used to correct that wrong impression,” the minute said.
That concern turned up repeatedly in the meeting, according to the recordings, with some members appearing to compare the relatively mild response to the alleged plotters to the draconian reaction that trailed the Ogoni’s case.
Mr. Abacha laid that concern to rest as the meeting wound up, declaring that while the Ogonis’ case was a “premeditated murder”, the alleged coup plotters had yet to carry out their plot.
The Ogoni’s Have A Case
In a brief humane consideration, the council conceded that the trouble in Ogoniland was a result of years of neglect, failure and pent-up anger.
But members also swiftly argued that agitators like Mr. Saro-Wiwa were mischief makers who cashed in on a genuine grievance to seek selfish motives.
“It was therefore not surprising that a few mischievous individuals could exploit the situation for their selfish ends,” minute said. “Council was therefore urged to approve the judgment of the tribunal and ensure its expeditious implementation.”
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hASAdMeNLIAMxw
The Wiwa affair had just goettn underway around the time I left Nigeria and beyond the cursory, I have no information on KSW. I tend to agree with your idea, Jeremy (gasp!), about the West's covertly reactionary displays towards Africa, but I say, all the better. If something good happens, what matters its source, good or bad?I'm not sure there are any Nigerian heroes--perhaps in the future--but I don't think I can conciously point to one, except for the symbolic "Nigerian People."To have gone through everything they have is heroic, in the sense of a bull in a Madrid bullfight: we know it's going to die with its face in the dust, bleeding and in agony, but it'll die with dignity.
Saro Wiwa was found guilty
Saro Wiwa was found guilty for ordering the killing of Kobani et al. As they say, he was not the trigger but he was the hand that pull the trigger. In law he was as guilty as the people that actually carried out the act.
Ask the relatives of the Ogoni 4, I bet they will not paint a good picture of Wiwa et al.
Saro Wiwa so much believed in his international pedigree that he would only be sent to jail and in future be pardoned. If he had known that he would be faced with capital punishment, he wouldn't have ordered their (Ogoni 4) execution.
It was not all that were accused for the killing that were hanged at least Mitee (NEITI Chairman) was freed for lack of evidence connecting him to the killing.
Saro Wiwa deserved what he got?
death of a hero
KEN SARO WAS CHRIST OF SOUTH and EAST.the killer of ken saro(abacha) died a few days after he was killed by the anger of allmighty God,but general Gowun is strong till today after he has killed over 72% of igbos during the war.
courage indeed
You forgot to mention the yoruba general dat had to die wit Aguiyi Ironsi, people should try speak the truth and not half truth in order to portray some people as superior, pls stop dis tribal thing. Concerned Niger Deltan.
@Wahala: It's now 'The 3ORs'
You know what:
Ever since you gave that 'Tripod Theory' a KO, Deri doesn't so much use it like before.
Men, that dude is sure some smart alec. He has rephrased the whole thing. His preferred choice is now 'the 3 old regions', or 'The 3ORs'.
Find a way to smash that too! All the EXCUSE PILLARS of those castles he built in the air must be destroyed.
R - E - S - P - E - C - T.
Osita, you forgot to add Ebitu Ukaiwe who called out IBB
Osita, you forgot to add Ebitu Ukaiwe who called out IBB on nigeria OIC membership when others from southern nigeria just sat there like zombies.
@osita Dioka 3
We also know how Ojukwu spent his time justifying the killing of Saro Wiwa by Abacha. http://africanexaminer.com/dim1127
I will make it my duty to make Yorubas aware how hateful, bile, deceiptful and treacherous you IGBOS are.
@osita Dioka 2
The fact remains that the IGBO AG at the time did not resign. Okonjo Iwealla resigned after it became obvious to her that she will not be acting as head of the Economic team and Foriegn minister at the same time. She was and is a minister of average ability. She is being given a long rope now and Nigeria is going into debt at break neck speed! She is a woman that needs to be micro managed!
We also know which group fought most for the return to democracy via NADECO and the group that led protests into Abuja to ensure that Jonathan (the Yoruba hater) is sworn in after it became obvious Yar'Adua was sick.
Jonathan was brought to power by a Yoruba head of state not an igbo. Once in power he used rigging to over state the votes obtained in the SS and SE.
You are obviously of limited education and you are dangerously oblivious to your intellectual limitations!
@osita Dioka
You are a most ignorant fool. Any one with any ounce of knowledge of history knew that post July 66 there was nothing but core murder and insurrection of non northerners in the army. Late Shuwa was almost killed in Kano for attempting to stop the killing of southern officers (and he was Kanuri). Gowon, was scared for his life the moment he was made head of state and he was a northerner.
Ojukwu was safely tucked away in Enugu which escaped the carnage of July 66. We all know what Ojukwu did when Nigerian trips approached his base in JANUARY 1970.
Secondly, both Diya and Olanrewaju were later convicted of an attempted coup against Abacha and were due to be killed. They obviously were not comfortable with the way Abacha was ruling!!
When Abacha coughed, Nigerians Cringed. That was Heroic !
Boned Abacha welcomed No Bullshiet. No moronic smiles. His EiE meant 'red light' in everybody's mind, that was ledership with balls. Of course every group was represented in his PRC, but he had the last word on critical matters like offering Kento Saro-Wiwa to the gods. A Wise decision! A brave soldier who single-handedly chased half of Egbaland into exile, caged Moshood and Captured Margreth Tatcher's aircraft. He was a major Herohito whom we ought to iconize! Not this agidi leadership we're living with, Abacha (PBUH) was a tough Tuareg we need more of, jokes apart.
Saro-Wiwa on the hand, stole my G-father's house in PH, hijacked Green Peace for personal gains. He was a barbaric sadist who ordered his urchins to stick baseball bats into the yansh of his perceived enemies. Killing Four Kings! and cremating their corpses. Abacha was right in using him as Guinea Pig to other "activists", it damn sure put an end to 'human degradation' by ND thugs. Today, think of Aluu...
Ken Saro Wiwa our Hero.
Ken Saro-Wiwa is a hero to those of us from the Niger Delta and to all lovers of freedom round the globe.Ken as an environmental activist was able to show case the suffering and the plight of the people of the Niger Delta before the International community.His death brought further awareness about the oppressed people of the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.A move that the notorious Abacha regime viewed as crime.We are not moved by what the slave master gambaris think about Ken,we just know he was hanged to silence his voice.Let this be known,that we Niger Deltans will continue to fight for our God given mineral resources,let it be known that the time of itimidation is gradually coming to an end.Soon the grip of the slave master will come to end.
@TUNDEMASH&@DELE ,NO HYPOTHESIS,TALK REALITY!!
@TUNDEMASH,The fact remains that no Igbo soldier took part in that repugnant decision,as usual,Gen Diya,a Yoruba(always a willing lackey of the Hausa-Fulani) was the highest ranking officer of the cabal that sealed Ken's fate.
Then when it comes to say "NO",remember one Prof.Humphrey Nwosu during june 12 crisis,he said "NO" to IBB in defence of a Yoruba Presidential Mandate,he was imprisoned and brutalized but he kept his honour.Remember 1967,when Brig Ogundipe,a Yoruba who was supposed to take over fled the country in a most cowardly manner,one LT COL Odumegwu-Ojukwu said "NO" because Gowon was his subordinate in the military,Remember when OBJ messed with Okonjo-Iweala,she said"NO" and left,remember Madam Akunyili(NAFDAC)a sniper shot off her head gear she said "NO" and kept her honour,So Ndigbo are a courageous breed,ABACHA OR NO ABACHA.@DELE,I do not hate the Yoruba,we are talking factual history,no sentiments.
Gen. Abacha was a Hero-hito !
Abach was right. Besides the sizeable Federal presence then, today, they have the NDDC, a Ministry and a good chunk of our oil commonwealth sunk into ogogoro and in-between female legs. Plus, Bunkering and Kidnappings! Hopeless drunks. With all efforts being wasted there, Bayelsa does not have one kilometer of road to anywhere. The lone bridge linking riverine communities to Yenagoa, The Goodluck Jonathan Bridge, gave way to erosion months before the floods. East-West road na another chapter. Abacha was a Prophet we didn't recognize. Peace Be Unto Him (PBUH). He was a Legend. A Herohito!
Looking at the PRC at the time, Buhari and Tinubu's names are missing. I'm wondering out loud what Deri's line will be on this. The "Tripod Theory" will not work as marginalization exonerated the Ibos. Saro-Wayo was complicit in mass murder. He was a failed writer with frivolous ideas about Seperatism he conspired to deny the Ibos. What goes around...
Animals!
@osita Dioka the fool
Please explain how Diya and Olanrewaju represents the SW and Azazi, Akhigbe and Nsikak EDUOK (all three from the SS)represents a handful. Two (last i checked) is less than Three. AN IGBO was Attorney General as well. We all know Abacha had hatred for the Yoruba at the time. By all accounts all members were probably too scared to oppose.
Please keep your stupid Yoruba hatred to yourself you low live IGBO fool!
@ Dr. Samuel Amadi : RESPECT !
Abacha's legecy remains the hanging of those Ogoni mass murderers led by Ken Saro-Wiwa. Wiwa was a brutal sadist and opportunist whose guilt was proven beyond reasonable doubt. Other Ogonis testified against him and his criminal gang, Wiwa no doubt ordered the "wetie" murder of fellow Niger Deltans for political profit. Dr. Samuel is right, they should have died like Samuel Doe! Like Jasper Boro, Ibos had no hand in their waterloos, Law of Karma simply prevailed. If anybody's still nursing doubts let them challenge the verdict before today's courts. Afterall, Ken Saro-Wiwa jr. is advising Dr. Dumbo who recently honoured the Judge that carried out that sweet Justice. Kento Saro-Wiwa deserved to die 1000-times for his role in the pogrom and crimes against Humanity. He was a common thug who had fantasies about Aborigine Republic of Niger Delta with him as Presido. A Chimp!
piss be unto him (pbuh) !
@osita DIOKA: Re: ethnicity has taken away your thinking faculty
@osita DIOKA
You are shameless ethnic bigot. You bring ethnic colouration to everything you say.
U claimed "It is quite interesting to note that the SW,the whole NORTHERN ZONES and a handful of SS were well represented in the murder."
Do you think before you write at all ?
Did your imaginary Igbo soldier back out as a matter of choice ? Was there Igbo man in PRC at that time that backed out ? If an Igbo man was in PRC, would he have backed out ?
You claimed Agbamuche an Igbo man is "a civilian who only takes orders in drafting laws". Why did Agbamuche not resign ? Was it not same Agbamuche that drafted the draconian laws with which Abacha ruled ?
I INSIST YOU ARE NO DIFFERENT FROM BOKO HARAM OR DERI. BOKO HARAM ARE RELIGIOUS FANATICS WHILE DERI AND YOURSELF ARE SHAMELESS ETHNIC BIGOTS !
@osita DIOKA: Re:THE SS,SEE WIWA'S KILLERS,NO IGBO SOLDIER WAS T
@osita DIOKA
You are shameless ethnic bigot. You bring ethnic colouration to everything you say.
U claimed "It is quite interesting to note that the SW,the whole NORTHERN ZONES and a handful of SS were well represented in the murder."
Do you think before you write at all ?
Did your imaginary Igbo soldier back out as a matter of choice ? Was there Igbo man in PRC at that time that backed out ? If an Igbo man was in PRC, would he have backed out ?
You claimed Agbamuche an Igbo man is "a civilian who only takes orders in drafting laws". Why did Agbamuche not resign ? Was it not same Agbamuche that drafted the draconian laws with which Abacha ruled ?
I INSIST YOU ARE NO DIFFERENT FROM BOKO HARAM OR DERI. BOKO HARAM ARE RELIGIOUS FANATICS WHILE DERI AND YOURSELF ARE SHAMELESS ETHNIC BIGOTS !
Njokede, be aware!
Suday Njokede, mind you, Gen. Patrick Newton Aziza is a different person from Gen. Azazi
WHY THE NOISE ABOUT KEN & CO?
Nigerians never cease to amaze me. A desperate man kills some of those who were making his money making ventures with MOSOP a problem. He is put on trial with his accomplices, convicted and hanged to death and bunch of idiots begin to canonise him. Someday, the likes of Lawrence Anini, the notorious Bini armed robber will have a street named after him for his exploits the same way Mr Amaechi has "rewarded" Saro Wiwa for killing the Ogoni 4. May the spirit of the Ogoni 4 continue to haunt all those who continue honour their killers.
Ken Saro-Wiwa and the Abacha Junta
I despise Abacha and his junta, but believe that the one thing he got right was the trial, conviction and execution of the murderer Ken Saro-Wiwa and the murderers pretending to be activists. Those who pretend that Ken did not approve and order the killings of Orage and others should wait for their punishment in hell. Abacha may be a beast, but the widows of the murdered men and their families got justice. Someday, the lies will end.
Sunday Njokede with his boko haramic ideas of 1966
Njokede dont forget Buhari was the chairman of PTF under general Abacha when KenSarowiwa was hanged. There is no record in the relics of the nations archives which shows evidence of Buhari, pleading with Abacah, to spare the life of Ken. Yes there was an Ijaw man in his cabinet-so were the likes of Michael Agbamuche and Chukwumerije. When Aabacha carried out the execution of Kensarowiwa, the first person to congratulate him over the cold blooded murder of ken and his Ogoni borthers, was late Ojukwu. Who was quoted extensively in the national dailies saying KenSarowiwa deserved to die for supporting the FGN during the civil war! Again Buhari did not travel to Katsina in search of a VP. He went to the South East twice- and was given Chuba Okadigbo and Ume Ezeoke in spite of the war the SE fought with the Fulani North and the rest of 9ja!
sunday please read before you talk
sunday please read b4 u talk aziza is an urobo not ijaw man okay. go and do ur reserach very well b4 u talk poor soul sunday njokede
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Aziza
u are a confuse man, i weep everyday 4 saharareporters because of people like u.
low IQ
Giving Nigerians a reason to
Giving Nigerians a reason to forget how the Man was killed in a helo.
No "Igbo politician" in Abachas cabinet said No?
Pages in category "Igbo politicians"
The following pages are in this category, out of 58 total. This list may not reflect recent changes (learn more).
A
Enyinnaya Abaribe
Catherine Obianuju Acholonu
@Michael Ashikodi Agbamuche
Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi
Igwe Aja-Nwachukwu
Frank Ajobena
Dabo Aliyu
Emeka Anyaoku
Nnamdi Azikiwe
ABACHA'S MEMO
General Abacha was right. Saro Wiwa and his band of killers deserved to die. Are the Ogoni 4 not human beings? Do they not have a right to life? When all the lies have been told by these opportunistic activists, they will one day confess that they killed Badey , Orage and Kobani. He who kills must also prepare to be killed. Hanging was too good for them. They should have been dismembered for their crimes. Wicked lying criminals.
Re Ogoni 9
It was no secret that Saro Wiwa organised the killing of the 4 Ogoni leaders in a very gruesome manner.Sentiments apart,if one is privy to the brutality that was used to kill the four leaders,e.g sticking sticks in their anus etc!One will rightly conclude that the Ogoni 9,that is ,Sarowiwa and others went a step too far.Two wrongs cannot make a right though!
@yusuf adumu "who kill ogoni 4"
Are you making a Mickey of yourself or just outright dumb? Want me to put the pieces to the puzzle for you? Okay, go and ask ibb, abubakar, buhari, the sucker, sorry meant the sultan and the rest of your ragheads mallams. Olodo
Blame It On Jonathan, Corruption And Election Rigging
I dey hail una from Nigeria. Dem mean say some Ijaw people join hand kill Saro Wiwa? Na who go come defend Patrick AzIza now?
Yorubas Killed Saro-Wiwa.
Yorubas tricked Saro-Wiwa and killed him via cowardice.
These Yorubas promised him heaven on earth. The likes of Gani, Falana and other cowardly chameleons told Saro-Wiwa not to defend himself against Abacha's court which they called a "kangaroo" tribunal (Obasanjo used same to murder people).
Saro-Wiwa believed them, but when the chips were down, they ran away as usual leaving the idiot Ogoni man to his fate. Unfortunately for him, Wiwa had destroyed his links with the only people who would have saved him- Ibos!
The Yorubas goaded Wiwa on and encouraged him while he attacked Ibos, but when the chips were down, they vamoosed and left him to his cruel fate.
Today, traitors like Femi Falana are puffing around as SANS while Saro-Wiwa is six feet under the ground. His case is a good lesson for idiots.

