Achebe Administers a Sacrament For Biafra (A Review of There Was A Country) By Rudolf Ogoo Okonkwo

Prof.Chinua Achebe
By Rudolf Ogoo Okonkwo

In more ways than one, Chinua Achebe in his new book, There Was A Country, returns to the very beginning, that is, his beginning.  From that beginning he succeeds in completing an unfinished circle which for long has been left hanging in the air.

 
The 1967-1970 Nigerian-Biafran war in which an estimated three million people died, most of them Achebe’s Igbo people, was a tragedy. What would have been a greater tragedy was Achebe not providing for the unborn generations his pivotal view of the event, and a sharp cross-examination of the actors.  In There Was A Country, Achebe does it the Achebe way.
 
In Part One, Achebe reveals the golden days of Nigeria and how through hard work and support from his family he positions himself to receive the baton from exiting colonialists at the dawn of Nigeria’s independence. Achebe’s story in this regard is the story of how the Igbo, in only 30 years, were able to bridge the educational gap that the people of the then Western Nigeria had as a result of early exposure to Western education. Achebe’s early childhood story and path to success mirror the drive that has propelled the Igbo since they became part of Nigeria – a drive that came from the republican nature of Igbo society that abhors royalty, encourages competition, and rewards personal achievement. In stories about personal struggle, rugged determination and unique foresight, Achebe makes it known that there is no magic wand behind the Igbo emergence and attainment of preeminent position in the Nigerian project other than by sheer industriousness. The consequence of this accomplishment was an immediate fear of Igbo domination. That fear quickly took hold in the psyche of other Nigerians and practically truncated the Nigerian dream of Achebe’s generation.
 
It was this fear of Igbo dominance that made much of Nigeria and their British cheerleaders to interpret the 1966 coup as another phase of Igbo domination. The majority of the coup plotters were Igbo officers; their number included Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu who, as Achebe reveals, was Igbo by name only because he regarded himself as a Northerner. The perception that the Igbo had an agenda of domination also accounted for the ferocity of the atrocities unleashed against them – to a degree that had never been witnessed anywhere in Africa before, and hardly since. Achebe, ever a believer in Nigeria, at first wanted to stay put in Lagos. It was only the systematic killing of Igbo in Lagos that forced him to return to the East.
 
For those who have not read most of Achebe’s essays, he discloses how the conflict between the old Igbo culture and the emerging Christian society became the source of his masterpiece, Things Fall Apart. From his mother, he learns how to bring out changes in a gentle manner without being intimidating. He narrates how his mother fought and achieved victory for Christianity and women’s right and freedom by merely challenging the taboo of a woman harvesting a kola nut. Ominous feelings creep through a reader as Achebe unwraps, layer after layer, how the middle class of his time were basking in the illusion of independence and the promises of a new great nation, totally missing the signs of its impending doom. I find it a timely lesson for members of today’s middle class Nigerians that do not see the shaky foundation of the Nigerian nation. The similarity is very striking.
 
When Achebe delves into his life story, he is ever the teaser. He will, like a priest, let the wine in the cup glaze the readers’ lips and then he will pull the cup away. When he tells you about how a group of vacationing students working at the Nigerian Broadcasting Corporation, NBC, came to his office to demand equal pay, he tells readers that their leader was Christie Okoli from Awka, his mother’s hometown. He volunteers to readers that his interest in her grew after the articulate way she spoke. As you wait for more, he informs you that, “two years into our friendship, Christie and I were engaged.”
 
The Part Two of the book deals with life in Biafra. For those still wondering what happened in Biafra, this section is a gift from providence. Using personal stories, Achebe paints a vivid picture of what life was like in Biafra. He exposes the actors in the war and the roles each played. He quotes extensively from several sources as he presents the assessment of Ojukwu and Gowon, the primary actors in the war. He even quotes sources opposed to Ojukwu’s position and point of view, like Ambassador Ralph Uwechue. Achebe argues that some questions will be debated for generations. One of such questions has to do with the security reasons behind Ojukwu’s rejection of Nigeria’s federal government’s proposal for a road corridor for food and the federal government’s rejection of Ojukwu’s alternative. Every now and then, he interrupts the theories of several schools of thought to have his own say. For instance, Achebe has no doubt that, following the ethnic cleansing of Igbos in the North and the federal government’s connivance in the drastic act, Biafra’s secession from Nigeria was inevitable whether Ojukwu was there or not.
 
Achebe writes with great moral authority. Often he writes a phrase like, “forty years later I still stand by that assessment.” When Achebe makes his summations, they are as apt as his press releases. When he tells stories, they are as succinct as any of the novels that made him famous. Through the stories of his friendship with Christopher Okigbo, including their effort to run a publishing company during the war, Achebe recasts that extraordinary poet and educates those who hold the poet in contempt of literature due to his decision to go to the war front. Like so many surprises in the book, Achebe reveals that he, too, would have been lost during the war in several instances, including in a plane mishap while on a diplomatic mission for Biafra to Senegal.
 
Achebe describes meeting Aminu Kano for the first time during peace talks in Kampala, Uganda in 1968. Aminu Kano was part of Nigeria’s delegation led by Anthony Enahoro. The Nigerian delegation, Achebe recalls, espoused the total “crush of Biafra.” He writes that Aminu Kano was not pleased by how the matter was being handled. “That meeting made an indelible mark on me about Aminu Kano, about his character and his intellect,” Achebe writes. Achebe will later in life take a failed detour into politics, joining Aminu Kano’s political party.
 
In Part Three, Achebe makes an indisputable case against Nigeria in the way the war was prosecuted. He raises the question of genocide, makes hard-hitting arguments and levels his case against the Nigerian government. Ever unapologetic, Achebe does not spare the heroes – be it Awolowo or Gowon. As always, his moral message is “resolute.” He slams Obafemi Awolowo for allowing his political ambition to diminish his humanity. He holds Awolowo responsible for “hatching up a diabolical policy to reduce the numbers of his enemies significantly through starvation – eliminating two million people, mainly members of future generations.” He cites Awolowo’s policies as the minister of finance during and after the war as evidence that his desire to secure permanent advantage for his Yoruba people superseded his inner good angel. Achebe does not spare Anthony Enahoro and Allison Akene Ayinda, supposedly intellectuals who backed Awolowo and, of course, the naïve Gowon who was in charge. Achebe points out the irony of it all – that all those who had hoped to benefit from the emaciation of Igbo people ended up becoming victims too. The British lost investments through the indigenization decree; the Yoruba and Gowon’s Middle Belt people are still trapped in a dysfunctional country, all suffering from its consequences.
 
In offering solutions, Achebe suggests a series of questions about “ethnic bigotry,” corruption and pure impunity that will keep Nigeria busy for a long time. He has no problem describing characters operating in the Nigerian political arena as “bum in suit,” “poorly educated,” “half-baked,” and “politicians with plenty of money and very low IQs.”
 
Throughout the chapters, Achebe punctuates the stories with interludes of poetry. They stand as exhortations, as hanging tears, flags, stop signs and as asterisks. Most of the poems are from his past collections. He preserves for generations yet unborn the role played by the likes of Dick Tiger, Gordian Ezekwe and Carl Gustaf von Rosen during the Biafran war.
 
By going beyond the Biafra war in this memoir Achebe shows how the fear of Igbo dominance led to the dethronement of meritocracy and the enthronement of mediocrity. In that single move, Nigeria opens the flood gate for corruption, impunity and failure that has remained the trademark of Nigeria to date. Beneath the crisis playing itself out in Nigeria’s landscape today - most especially in cities like Lagos, Abuja and Port Harcourt- is still that fear of Igbo domination.
 
In Part Four, Achebe performs a reappraisal of Nigeria’s sordid journey. He connects the failure of the Nigerian state and the rise of terrorism to Nigeria’s long history of condoning violence.
 
            “Nigeria’s federal government has always tolerated terrorism.
            For over half a century the federal government has turned a
            blind eye to waves of ferocious and savage massacres of its
citizens – mainly Christian Southerners; mostly Igbos or
indigenes of the Middle Belt; and others – with impunity.”
 
Achebe finds a solution in good leadership as exemplified by Nelson Mandela. In the postscript, he spotlights Mandela as the epitome of the kind of leadership that Africa needs. He urges Africans to seek “sustenance and inspiration from Mandela.” No one will disagree with that. However, he does not mention the Arab Spring or the possibility of its replication in sub-Saharan Africa. He, therefore, maintains his conclusion in The Trouble With Nigeria that leadership is squarely the problem. For younger readers not conditioned to wait indefinitely for change, the question left unanswered is, if leadership fails to come, then what?
 
Achebe’s memoir is not just an epitaph for Biafra. It is also a warning to Nigeria. If Nigeria fails to find its purpose and achieve it for all of its people, a new generation of writers may have the misfortune of writing a similar epitaph for Nigeria – There Was A Country Called Nigeria. And for Biafran babies and their upcoming generations, the idea that there was a country carries a subtle message that what was could still reincarnate.
 
In There Was A Country, Achebe like a priest, illustrates to Nigerians how to partake in the Biafran Communion. To be a partaker, one must drop all malicious intents and repent. In briefs, citations, exhortations and excommunications, Achebe maps out the path for Nigeria to figuratively come to the Lord’s table.
 
Chapter by chapter, as it is dramatized in the Book of Common Prayers, Achebe, son of a catechist, beseeches Nigerians to kneel humbly. He proclaims the sins and he guides them as they confess their sins. He pronounces absolution of sins for those who repent. In flashes of dramatic interludes, like a priest, Achebe then picks the bread; and when he has given thanks, he raises it up and breaks it and gives it to Nigerians, saying; take, eat, this is the Biafra which is given for you, do this in remembrance of Biafra. Likewise, after admonishments, he takes the cup and when he has given thanks, he gives it to Nigerians saying, drink you all for this is the blood of Biafra, which is shed for you and for many for the remission of sins, do this as often as you can in remembrance of Biafra.

It is not clear whether this burdened generation of Nigerians still crippled by its non-reconciled history will understand the essence of this Achebe doctrine. What is clear is that Achebe has drunk the remaining wine after communion. One gets the feeling that what is left is for him to turn to the congregation and say, go home for the mass is over. Because of what Achebe has achieved in this book, we cannot let Biafra go even if we want to. Just like Biafra, because of this personal history, centuries from now when the novel is dead and buried, the new generation that will inhabit the territory currently called Nigeria will always remember that there was a writer named Chinua Achebe.
 

Comments
150 comment(s)
Post a comment

Yo are the dumb one. What has

Yo are the dumb one. What has being in the minority tribe got to do with this? That minority gives oil to the whole country.
Please think before you type anything here.

ACHEBE HAD A RIGHT TO TELL HIS STORY AND HE DID. YOU, TELL YOURS

I am Nigerian from the mid-west.
What Achebe has said about the marginalization of the igbos is true. I can say firmly that as a child I was always told to avoid igbo people for no just reason. I grew up 'knowing' that igbo people are bad.
All tribes have certain faults unique to them but we are humans in all and the product of sinful flesh.
Whatever crime the igbos may have committed will be having that industrous nature, the ability to survive anywhere in the country and be independent. This is something we cannot say about the poverty-ridden north. Where the north should have emulated the hardworking spirit of the igbos, they chose to murder them and got the support of the power hungry west.
As Achebe rightly says in his book, the north is burdened by religion and the west is burdened by hierachy.
Even today, President Jonathan has advised Nigerians to emulate the Igbo-spirit!
The mid-west and middle-belt, being in the minority, were not key players in the civil war.

Achebe is a frustrated man

Chinua Achebe and Igbos are driven and motivated by vanity and primitive acquisition of wealth, they operate under the law of the jungle where anything goes and winner takes all. They act without considering the consequences of their action. They do no impact analysis on any project they are about to embark upon especially when it relates to another race or tribe . They lack sense of fairness and balance in their world view. They act foolishly all the time and when their foolish act bounce back on them in geometric proportion they cry foul. Chinua Achebe at 82 is a frustrated man will remain frustrated for the rest of his life for his moronic and unwarranted attacked on Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Yoruba. Awolowo promoted equality&fairness among all Nigeria regardless tribe throughout his lifetime. This he demonstrated while he was premier of west all ethnic group were treated fairly and equally. Azikwe and Igbos brutally dominated and oppressed ethic minority in east.

Achebe is a frustrated man

Chinua Achebe and Igbos are driven and motivated by vanity and primitive acquisition of wealth, they operate under the law of the jungle where anything goes and winner takes all. They act without considering the consequences of their action. They do no impact analysis on any project they are about to embark upon especially when it relates to another race or tribe . They lack sense of fairness and balance in their world view. They act foolishly all the time and when their foolish act bounce back on them in geometric proportion they cry foul. Chinua Achebe at 82 is a frustrated man will remain frustrated for the rest of his life for his moronic and unwarranted attacked on Chief Obafemi Awolowo and Yoruba. Awolowo promoted equality&fairness among all Nigeria regardless tribe throughout his lifetime. This he demonstrated while he was premier of west all ethnic group were treated fairly and equally. Azikwe and Igbos brutally dominated and oppressed ethic minority in the east.

Conspiracies

Even if there is no Igbo killings, there must surely be one after 1966, even if there is no Biafra in 1967, it must surely come one day because the leaders of Muslim North has vowed that if British leave today, they will continue their uninterrupted conquest to the sea which they concluded after Biafra resistance and with a new capital Abuja. However, Britain, Russia and there economic interest gave Nigeria victory not Awo nor Gowon. As for Egypt, it is Arab brotherhood. No black nation till date has manufacture what Biafra produced during and after the war, Achebe said it all, "there lies Nigeria backwardness". Has the killing of Igbo stopped in Nigeria today. No

The Idea of A One Nigeria Is Stupid

The idea of a one Nigeria is stupid. Too much power imbalances. Too much bitterness. Too many wrong reasons to be. Free oil money should not be a basis for nationhood. A broken up Nigeria will be more beneficial to all the fragments than these current faulty arrangement that can NEVER be rearranged.

How achebe failed this exam

Nigeria is a nation in search of genuine leadership
A leader is a builder. Achebe failed this exam.
After 42 years Nigeria and Nigerian have integrated
Themselves until this spoiler called achebe
Came on the sin. See all the people who were
Rejoicing together in schools, churches,
Mosques have been thrown into
Chaos. If he has nothing to write any more is it
by force ?failures like achebe should stop
Dividing Nigeria. Let us ignore the ignoramus!

Achebe Memoir

The Biafra war was an unfortunate event and i pray that we never witness such again. Amen!

Way Forward Please!

The only thing I know is as time elapses your idea of the truth can be distorted, I don't know what we all stand to gain by being tribalistic about this book, this should have being written a very long time ago, a time when no1 would have been able to give a myopic account, I rever the Prof, and in my own opinion, this is just a book and not a manual with the solution to the problem of the Nigerian Nation, If my igbo brothers want the Biafran Nation, they should go ahead and fight for it, if splitting up the country is what will make every tribe happy, let it be done, because the Northeners want to lay claim to the country, the southerners operate the same thought process, the Easterners are not left out, abegy enough of all these Awo did this, Achebe wrote that, let's all stop flogging a dead horse, WAY FORWARD PLEASE!

foolhardy igbo people

Igbo people confuse foolhardiness of their race with bravery, u don't have weapons, no economic power and u declare war and u called that bravery, that is mass suicide committed by igbo leadership at that time, war is fought with intelligence, awolowo defeated d igbos with superior intelligence, and they are now blaming him for their own idiocy, go and learn from d yorubas on how to prosecute wars, with intelligence. The rantings of a demented fool called achebe cannot and will not reduce the colossal status of papa awo in nigeria history.

Any time this senile

Any time this senile tribalist called achebe talks or writes he always create ethnic tension in d land, his problem may be due to his warped fictitious mind been far from reality thoughts, its like he has forgotten that nobody goes to war to lose and all is fair in war, the americans where he resides now threw atomic bomb on japanese civil populace to end world war2. So awolowo using hunger was more humane @ least after d war with good nutrition they will have their lives back

The war was because of pride,

The war was because of pride, if Ojuku was made the head of state there would have been no war.

I hope Achebe did not write

I hope Achebe did not write this so that the SW and SE cannot and will never speak with one voice? Cos if Achebe was in Charge of the war in the Baifra side and that the food supply was from the East, will he allow the food to go thru for the federal soldiers to feed fat and kill them.
God forbid we have another civil was South and North, will the Ibos allow ship or anything to go up north thru their territory? So stop blaming Awo, I will do the same anytime so long as at that time the person is my enemy.

RE:Good leadership

Candidly,Prof has not lived up to my expectation if he truly recommend
Nelson Mandela.

He had a lot of pain in him pouring them at Awolowo.

REAchebe Administers a Sacrament For Biafra (A Review of There W

"A poet's work is to name the unnamable, to point at frauds, to take sides, start arguments, shape the world, and stop it going to sleep."
This was Salman Rushdie in 1989, speaking four days after a fatwa was proclaimed in Iran due to the controversial nature of his Satanic Verses book
Prof Chinua Achebe is doing it again true to his nature as a true writer, unfortunately he is saying it at a time when intellectualism is no longer politically correct.
While I commend him for the book, it will no less diminish Chief Awolowo stature before me.

Awolowo has given his reasons that were his; Achebe is stating his own now.

No fuss life goes on but it will be fine if everyman is true to his conscience.

Regards

"There Was a Country"

There are alot of wisdom attached to Prof.Achebe's epitaph and is being supported by factual quotations which worth reckoning with
,his work was done with all sincerity for Nigeri
an and Nigeria to find its purpose and achieve
it for all of us,so my dear in-laws don't be bias
all of us have in one way or the other made a
mistake,so let us uses this book correct our past,for my Igbo brothers there is this fear ho
nestly(domination)because you happened to
superintellectuals,as for the case of Biafra just
forgive and forget.
Prof. Achebe we are very happy with your book keep it up,for sure God will bless you and your family.

Good leadership

You guys should stop these irrelevant comments and statements... Achebe is right for all he said. Our part and current problems is bad leadership. That's why he recommends Nelson Mandela as the Epitome of what Africa needs.

Very consistent with what I had said in many forum before

Thank you ODIA OFEIMUN: “All leaders of Biafra should be taken to Nuremberg-type Trial for committing genocide against their own people and made to face genocide charges. They knew they had no guns; they knew they were unprepared for the war but took the Igbos to war. And because the rest of us were angry, we allowed ourselves to be misled by propaganda. What happened to the Igbos was very bad; it was wrong. The leaders committed genocide. And the rest of us are being made to feel guilty for their crimes. And I expected Achebe to correct the story in his book, he merely took the jelly out of the jar”.

Ofeimun amented that the Igbo leadership that took the war decision misled the rest of the world and the ordinary Igbo people with the propaganda that was mounted. The poet stated that even a Biafran commander, like Hilary Njoku, warned of Biafra’s unpreparedness for the war. He insisted that they couldn’t fight the war.

There Was An Awolowo2

But the slightest chance he got, he used it to hatch a plot that will ensure the exitinction of the Igbos, his percieved enemies from the face of the earth. And as he was given a free hand by the federal gobvernment, he went to the inner-most recess of his mind to hatch plot after plot all diabolical to ensure the extermination of a race. And he nearly succeeded.

There is nothing wrong in somone fighting for his people, the only problem is that you dont do it by destroying others. What did Chief Awolowo gain from stopping and desrtoying the Igbos except eternal hatred and vendetta. The same vendatta that consumsed Chief Abiola and Ken Saro-Wiwa and some sections of Nigeria were happy that they failed and died?

I hope the current discussions going on about the civil war and who did what, will finally expose the evils that were commited in the name of Nigeria, start the healing process and national reconcilation and help the nation move forward.

There Was An Awolowo1

I believe that in order to build a strong nation, every nation state that makes up nigeria need to have their own Awo, Tinubu, Saro-Wiwa, Tarka and Bello. If Zik gave half of what Chief Awolowo gave to the Yorubas to his people the Igbos, the Igbo nation wouldnt have been in disarray today. And to the chagrin of the old guards, history sprung Colonel Ojukwu up and he lived up to expectations.

I dont have any grudges against Chief Awolowo as a person or against his beliefs, actually I share almost all his beliefs but some of his actions are unfathomable and bordes on hubris. Awo was ready to give his life to his people, he gave everything he have to them and did everything he could to better their lot. Which in itself is not a bad thing whatsover.

I can't understand all these

I can't understand all these ethnic rant in Nigeria. This simply shows that Nigeria can never be healed. Lets take a look at our selves and characters and ask what is wrong with us. We should be ashamed that killers, looter have devasted Nigeria and we are here arguing Awo, Gowon and Achebe.

Achebe wrote a book, why can't we read it and try learn some thing from it. Lets stop this Awo and Achebe thing and move one.
Nigeria is nothing but a mixture of 'KINGKONG' and 'GODZILLA'.

We can fight ethic war because of this book...but let it be known that Awo and Achebe are great men.

Check: http://usaveone.blogspot.com

Archaeology of there was a country

"...Achebe argues that some questions will be debated for generations. ...Achebe has no doubt that, following the ethnic cleansing of Igbos in the North and the federal government’s connivance in the drastic act, Biafra’s secession from Nigeria was inevitable whether Ojukwu was there or not." (Rudof Okonkwo, Oct. 9, 2012).

This review offers a glimpse of the many perspectives we shall be debating in weeks, months and years to come. Achebe has done what he is good at. A history written down by one person is necessary to provoke controversy and a follow up arguments. But not writing when one is alive and able is a fault and indeed an offense to history and anthropology of Biafra for Nigeria.

Mr. Annonymous, Ibos did not

Mr. Annonymous, Ibos did not wake one morning and declared. Ask whoever is educating you to truthfully tell you what happened in the north and the west before all surviving Ibos ran back to the east. They had no other option after the massacre of innocent children, women and elderly in the north and the west. It was terrible.

Foolish talk

Foolish talk

I fault the person who

I fault the person who pardone Ojukwu and his lieutenants. Achebe should have been made to face the music like Tariq Aziz of Iraq. Bloody murderers of my people.

raised

Ur history didn't tell u that nzeogwu though from delta igbo was raised in d north.read ademoyega's account of the coup and you will know if it was an igbo planned coup.b4 pplw comment of this coup,I will advise u to read so many accts from different observers. Igbos never wanted war, they were being sluttered in d north and west for nuttin and also for d records, the war was taken to their home.igbos were only defending themselves and fighting to stay alive. Read other accounts so u can be more enlightened.

Remi Oyeyemi

Truth is never senile! Mr. Remi Oyeyemi defend facts and desist from name calling and acting like elementary school kids. People like you are the reason Nigerians cannot have an honest discussion. If any measure is fair in a war, why is Prof. Achebe wrong? Because Awolowo is SAINT that did no wrong? Awolowo recommended using food as a weapon of war, if he didn't tell us who did period.
Give me a break.

When Wole Soyinka Write

Wole Soyinka did so in his The Man Died.

I AM ANGRY IT LOOKS SOMETHING IS MISSING SINCE THE KILLINGS OF T

All Bombs and attacks in Nigeria none have moved me, but I have been moved with tanker fire that took lives of many in River State, the killing of students of Federal Poly Mubi and four students of Uniport. These made me felt the suffering of Nigerians. We shall not leave Nigeria for President Johnathan alone.I know these tribulations in Nigeria have spiritual backing, Borno State Being Shongai State of the Sun.I having relationship with Sun must find solution to end the anger of Sun and Stars even that of the Moon of madness that ignites people's head with fire of anger that leads to killings and violence.
Praying for wisdom of Christ that will lead me to Borno State for Peace. There is great power with our writings in SR It's more faster way to speak to Christ than when am alone. As far as it's a matter for public interest.

Financial Emancipation!!

"Want to keep on top of your finances – Check this out!!"

To stay on top of your finances and make the best of returns, check this out - Follow us HERE or visit HERE.

Post a comment

The content of this field is kept private and will not be shown publicly.
Comments are limited to a maximum of 1000 characters.
  • Allowed HTML tags: <a> <em> <p> <strong> <cite> <code> <ul> <ol> <li> <dl> <dt> <dd>
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.
  • Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.

More information about formatting options

CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Image CAPTCHA
Enter the characters shown in the image.