Wednesday, 22 May 2013
There Was A Country: Igbo Leaders Fought Hard For One Nigeria While Northern And Yoruba Leaders Opposed, Says Achebe – PREMIUM TIMES
Achebe says: “The first to object were the Northerners led by the Sardauna, who were followed closely by the Awolowo clique that had created the Action Group.
Foremost novelist, Chinua Achebe, has laid the blame for the deep-seated disunity confronting Nigeria on the doorsteps of Northern and Yoruba leaders who he said opposed the idea of one Nigeria before and after independence.
In his new book, which has become largely controversial in the past days, Mr. Achebe said while Igbo leaders and intellectuals worked hard, promoting the idea of one Nigeria, Northern leaders, led by the Sardauna of Sokoto, Ahmadu Bello, and their Yoruba counterparts, led by Obafemi Awolowo, worked in the opposite direction, making sure the dream of a united Nigeria did not materialize.
Mr Achebe made the claim on Page 51 of the 333-page book, saying, “The original ideal of one Nigeria was pressed by the leaders and intellectuals from the Eastern Region. With all their shortcomings, they had this idea to build the country as one.
“The first to object were the Northerners led by the Sardauna, who were followed closely by the Awolowo clique that had created the Action Group.
“The Northern Peoples Congress of the Sardaunians was supposed to be a national party, yet it refused to change its name from Northern to Nigerian Peoples Congress, even for the sake of appearances. It refused right up to the end of the civilian regime.”
The author did not give any details regarding how and where the Northern and Yoruba leaders opposed the idea of a united Nigeria.
In the book, Mr. Achebe was full of praises for Nigeria’s first President, Nnamdi Azikiwe, who he described as the father of African independence.
“The father of African independence was Nnamdi Azikiwe,” Mr. Achebe said on page 41 of his book. “There is no question at all about that. Azikiwe, fondly referred to by his admirers as “Zik,” was the preeminent political figure of my youth and a man who was endowed with the political pan-Africanist vision. He had help, no doubt, from several eminent sons and daughters of the son.”
Mr. Achebe criticism of Mr. Awolowo’s civil war policies in the book had earlier sparked a fierce disagreement between the Yoruba and the Igbo in Nigeria and fired up a rare dichotomy between the two ethnic nationalities , with each side teaming with their kinsman.
Nearly a week after an excerpt of Mr. Achebe’s memoir, blaming Mr. Awolowo for starving to death over two million Biafran children, became public, leading Yoruba leaders and activists have poured invectives on the writer.
In turn, Mr. Achebe’s Igbo kinsmen have sided with him, justifying his claims and attacking Yoruba critics in return.
But our reporter, who skimmed through the book last night, says Mr. Achebe in one instance eulogized Mr. Awolowo in the book, portraying him as a master political tactician, a committed leader of his people, a unifying factor, an excellent organizer and an erudite and accomplished lawyer.
Mr. Awolowo was clearly one of Nigeria’s dominant political figures of his time, Mr. Achebe wrote in the book.
On Page 45 of the book, Mr Achebe wrote of Mr. Awolowo: “By the time I became a young adult, Obafemi Awolowo had emerged as one of Nigeria’s dominant political figures. He was an erudite and accomplished lawyer who had been educated at the University of London. When he returned to the Nigerian political scene from London, Awolowo found the once powerful political establishment of western Nigeria in disarray – sidetracked by partisan and intra-ethnic squabbles. Chief Awolowo and close associates reunited his ancient Yoruba people with powerful glue –resuscitated ethnic pride-and created a political party, the Action Group, in 1951, from an amalgamation of the Egbe Omo Oduduwa, the Nigerian Produce Traders’ Association, and a few other factions.
“Over the years Awolowo had become increasingly concerned about what he saw as the domination of the NCNC by the Igbo elite, led by Azikiwe. Some cynics believe the formation of the Action Group was not influenced by tribal loyalties but a purely tactical political move to regai regional and southern political power and influence from the dominant NCNC.
“Initially Chief Obafemi struggled to woo support from the Ibadan-based (and other non-Ijebu) Yoruba leaders who considered him a radical and a bit of an upstart. However, despite some initial difficulty, Awolowo transformed the Action Group into a formidable, highly disciplined political machine that often outperformed the NCNC in regional elections. It did so by meticulously galvanizing political support in Yoruba land and among the riverine and minority groups in the Niger Delta who shared a similar dread of the prospects of Igbo political domination.”
Below are other mentions of Mr. Awolowo in the book.
Achebe’s latest work: There was a country
Page 51: “The original ideal of one Nigeria was pressed by the leaders and intellectuals from the Eastern Region. With all their shortcomings, they had this idea to build the country as one. The first to object were the Northerners led by the Sardauna, who were followed closely by the Awolowo clique that had created the Action Group. The Northern Peoples Congress of the Sardaunians was supposed to be a national party, yet it refused to change its name from Northern to Nigerian Peoples Congress, even for the sake of appearances. It refused right up to the end of the civilian regime.”
Page 86: “By March 1967, two months after the summit in Aburi, Ghana, the Aburi Accord resolutions had yet to be implemented, and there was growing weariness in the East that Gowon had no intention of doing so. The government of the Eastern Region warned Gowon that his repeated failure to act on issues pertaining to Nigerian sovereignty could lead to secession Gowon responded by issuing a decree, Decree 8, which called for the resurrection of the proposals for constitutional reform promulgated during the Aburi conference. But for reasons hard to explain other than as egotistical self-preservation, members of the federal civil service galvanized themselves in energetic opposition to the agreements of the aburi Accord. Seeing this development as a strategic political opening, the Yoruba leader, Obafemi Awolowo, the West’s political opening, heretofore nursing political trouble himself, including prior imprisonment for sedition, insisted that the federal government remove all Northern military troops garrisoned in Lagos, Ibadan, Abeokuta and throughout the Western Region – a demand similar to those Ojukwu had made earlier, during the crisis.
Awolowo warned Gowon’s federal government that if the Eastern Region left the Federation, the Westen Region would not be far behind. This statement was considered sufficiently threatening by Gowon and the federal government to merit a complete troop withdrawal.”
Page 88: “The first part of May 1967 saw the visit of the National Reconciliation Commission (NRC) to Enugu, the capital of the Eastern Region. It was led by Chief Awolowo and billed as a last-minute effort at peace and as an attempt to encourage Ojukwu and Eastern leaders to attend peace talks at a venue suitable to the Easterners. Despite providing a friendly reception, many Igbo leaders referred to the visit disdainfully as the chop, chop, talk, talk, commission”.
Page 227: “A day later, on January 15, 1970, the Biafran delegation, which was led by Major General Phillip Effiong and included Sir Louis Mbanefo, M.T. Mbu, Colonel David Ogunewe, and other Biafran military officers formally surrendered at Dodan Barracks to the troops of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Among the Nigerian delegation were: General Yakubu Gowon; the deputy chairman of the Supreme Military Council, Obafemi Awolowo; leaders of the various branches of the armed forces, including Brigadier Hassan Katsina, chief of staff; H.E.A. Ejueyitchie, the secretary to the federal military government; Anthony Enahoro, the commissioner for information; Taslim Elias, the attorney general; and the twelve military governors of the federation.”
Page 233: “It is important to point out that most Nigerians were against the war and abhorred the senseless violence that ensued. The wartime cabinet ofGeneral Gowon, the military ruler, it should also be remembered, was full of intellectuals like Chief Obafemi Awolowo among others who came up with a boatload of infamous and regrettable policies. A statement credited to Awolowo and echoed by his cohorts is the most callous and unfortunate: all is fair in war, and starvation is one of the weapons of war. I don’t see why we should feed our enemies fat in order for them to fight harder.
“It is my impression that Awolowo was driven by an overriding ambition for power, for himself and for his Yoruba people. There is, on the surface at least, nothing wrong with those aspirations. However, Awolowo saw the dominant Igbos at the time as the obstacles to that goal, and when the opportunity arose – the Nigeria-Biafra war – his ambition drove him into a frenzy to go to every length to achieve his dreams. In the Biafran case it meant hatching up a diabolical policy to reduce the numbers of his enemies significantly through starvation — eliminating over two million people, mainly members of future generations.”
Page 234: “If Gowon was the “Nigerian Abraham Lincoln,” as Lord Wilson would have us believe, why did he not put a stop to such an evil policy, or at least temper it, particularly when there was international outcry? Setting aside for the moment the fact that Gowon as head of state bears the final responsibility of his subordinates, and that Awolowo has been much maligned by many an intellectual for this unfortunate policy and his statements, why, I wonder, would other “thinkers,” such as Ayida and Enahoro, not question such a policy but advance it?”
Reply to Zharia James
No death is good by what ever means one is killed but Do you honestly believed that death during a war is called Murder? Go and look for the definition of murder. The Nigerian Civil war was our sad history but the tribal sentiment brought into it to becloud the facts is even worse. There has been civil wars all over the world in the past and same have come together to rebuild their Country but in Nigeria in order for us to hang on to the sad History we have refused to move on. Question for Zharia, did the Ibos not kill a single soul during the war? Or you dont understand what the definition of war is?
RE: Achebe Is a
Historian!Grammarian!
Many people have tried to discredit Achebe's work. Achebe is a well informed writer.
A LITTLE HISTORY
What was later known as NPC was formerly known as Jam'Iyyar Mutanen Arewa. Dikko & Sardauna worked together in creating Jam'Iyyar in 1949. Dikko, a graduate of Kings College and University of Birmingham, the first nothern Doctor & the first graduate of a western University was made the head of the Organization because of his educational background. It was later in 1951 that it transformed to NPC. So you cant say it was Dikko or Sardauna that single-handedly found what later became NPC. They were both founding members. In fact Sardauna played more active role in founding NPC than Dikko.
A LITTLE ENGLISH
"DECIDED TO CREATE" does not mean "CREATE"
Evidently, Sardauna was a major actor involved in the decision to create Jam'Iyyar. So we can say he "DECIDED TO CREATE"
Achebe is right after all
Re: Awolowo and Igbo People
Why would other non-Igbos feel free in Igbo land when they cannot match the sharp brilliant pragmatic Igbo mindset?
The Igbo blood is Israeli in its very essence. Never say Never!
No other tribe can suffer the utter destruction of their land due to war and still manage to pull themselves out and compete with other people that had never experienced such.
You complain they choke any non-Igbo in Alaba, right? But is that not the way you tribalistic cowards try to choke the young Igbo graduates that search for work in the corporate environs.
And guess what? They still manage SOMEHOW to get the job.
Immediately they get into the job, the lazy Yorubas will always want to suppress them.
Why: They are afraid the Igbo man would overtake them.
Guess what? They always outsmart them...
Re: Awolowo and Igbo People
Is there LOVE in Politics? Do you choose your running mate bcos you "LOVE" him or his people? If so, then politicians will be choosing their wives & girlfriends as their running mates!!!
In politics you simply seek out someone that would help advance your cause be him friend or foe. Awolowo chose Philip as his running mate bcos he felt that would get him votes from the east which less than 10yrs ago he hatched a plot to exterminate. Philip accepted because he was looking for an oppurtunity to bring the Igbos back to the post-war Nigeria. They dont need to "LOVE" each other.
The Igbos saw the move in its true light & didnt vote for them
One final question: Philip Umeadi was Awolowo's running mate for 1979, what about 1983? Why did he choose Muhammadu Kura?
ANSWER: In politics, there is no Love. You make a choice that will favor YOU.
Things done in the selfish interest of politics should not be fallaciously adorned as selfless acts of love.
RE:Selective Amnesia
I forgive you MOTAYO.
For in your writeup you betrayed your raw detest for the Igbos. You even attacked Achebe.
The Igbos may lack "BASIC KNOWLEDGE" but you with advanced knowledge dont even know the BASIC RULES OF ENGAGEMENT in warfare.
Listen, The International Humanitarian Law (IHL) & the Geneva convention of 1945 outlined the following
1. You dont destroy civilians - whether by starvation or by the gun (CIVILLIAN IMMUNITY rule)
2. You use force in a manner that's proportionate to the target (PROPORTIONALITY rule)
3. You restrict targets and tactics to places necessary to achieve LEGITIMATE military goals (NECESSITY rule)
4. You dont treat prisoners inhumanely (HUMANE TREATMENT rule)
Achebe may be Old and Tired but he again wrote a masterpiece juxtaposing fine prose and tens of poetry to tell a complementary story.
Am sure the young and energetic Motayo cannot even come up with the most elementary poem even if given a whole year.
Again, I forgive you.
RE:RE:Ibos are greedy and selfish
Ordinarily I do not respond to matters such as these largely bcos much of peoples comments are talks & talk-backs. But now I think I've got to respond for someone is trying to justify genocide!!
I ask "Why were they giving them food in the FIRST place"
It was bcos that was the right thing to do under international laws governing ARMED CONFLICT. Nobody is asking you to provide relief materials to COMBATANTS. Alas, these are the very ones you are going out to kill hence it is expected that you starve them. The question is THE CIVILIANS! Children, babies, nursing mothers, pregnant women, aged ones - people that cannot do as much as lift a rifle!
And be you reminded that while Nigeria failed in its responsibility to cater for these civilians (which they claim are still their citizens at that time), the devilish Awolowo and Gowon prevented other caring nations from doing so.
War means trying to kill COMABATANTS...genocide means trying to kill EVERYONE.
I ask, Was it war or genocide?
AWOLOWO WAS A COWARD,
AWOLOWO WAS A COWARD, UNSTABLE LIKE THEIR GENERATION UP TO PRESENT DAY. NEVER YOU TRUST A YORUBA MAN, THEY ARE LIKE DUTCH(NETHERLANDS) THEY WILL BE LAUGHING WITH U BUT HAVE BITTERNESS IN THIER HEARTS. AWO WANTED TO RULE NIGERIA EVEN FOR ONE DAY AND ENDED UP NOT
@Omoluwabi
yes, we know how u dealt with dem... by awarding them chieftancy titles....
A whole General Diya knelt down for Abacha crying like a baby... y'all ended up giving him a chieftancy title instead of BITCH SLAPPING him
As a man, we must die on our feet not on our knees...
Igbos should leave nigeria
Igbos no dey quiet that is why hausas kills them for sport. Did you not see Igboman on top Bike with two kids for islamic riot in Kano? They knew he is not muslim he was only interested in the money they will share to him and two kids. Tomorrow almajiris will trace him going to mass and once issues arise they will kill him and his two kids and una go dey suck. Samething when we have ramadan Igbo wey no fast go come chop, so when riot come, almajiris go kill am. Are there no Ijaws, Efiks, Edo in the North? why do we kill Igbos only - Greed. We cannot stand their greed. We will continue to kill them for sport/game.
Basically, Motayo has said it
Basically, Motayo has said it all. The Igbo leaders have done so much harm than good even for their own communities based on their selfish desires. A famous and celebrated Igbo statesman even went to the point of lying blatantly about the causes of the war (name withheld).
Its unfortunate that in a civilised generation that we have become, Igbos still want to put the blame on the other tribes
I heard Achebe is having a
I heard Achebe is having a colloquium in brown university. This is a warning to Yoruba sons and daughters, noo of you must attend and if any do. You know how we dealt wih these that supported Abacha. Abo oro la nso fun omoluwabi , ti o ba de inu re yio Di odindi.
THE HORSE'S MOUTH, EYES AND EARS, UNCHAINED, UNCUT
AS A MEMBER OF THE ELITE THINK-TANK STRATEGIC INTELLIGENTIA GROUP OF THE IGBO NATION DURING THE NIGERIA'S WAR OF AGGRESSION AND ATTRITION AGAINST THE PHOENIX SOVEREIGNTY OF BIAFRA, PROFESSOR ACHEBE, SAYS WHAT HE KNOWS; AND HE CERTAINLY KNOWS WHAT HE SAYS.
Irrelevant yorubas! Irrelevant igbos! Irrelevant Nigerians
All those here cursing and abusing others, not their tribe because of a book, that clearlyy states, its a personal memoir, and which none has the intelligence nor the honesty, of reading and understanding yet they feel that they are speaking for their tribe when the simple and honest truth is that they are not relevant in any scheme of things even in their clan.
They(people commenting here) are so stupid that some even of other tribes change unto a different tribe tone just to forment trouble and yet these other silly ones easily fall for it.
People claim knowlegde of things not properly understood, facts narrated to them by tribal and unlettered relatives and freinds.
You are an ibo why do you pay much attention to something uttered by a yoruba here who is not relevent even in his own clan yet you react to his writings as if he is Wole Soyinka or as if he speaks for the yoruba nation
Can a black man benefit from Education?
Read all the comments read all the attacks read the thinking read the reasoning you wonder if the whites are not right in all their thinking about the black man.
All my fellow igbos why do you bother to respond to the attacks here? why do you have a toss what some people crap here? Why does it bother you to respond?
There is no responsible yoruba writing here There is no responsible hausa writing here no responsible other ethnic groups
You have the yorubas that patronise you that do busines with you that sale and buy from you not all these evil minded people here why then do you waste your time responding to all these who dont even amount to anything in their respective ethnic groups
RE:The TRUTH can NEVER be TRUNCATED
was biafra a coup or a war? please wake up to the sunshine
RE:Ibos are greedy and selfish
@ UZOH, I do not agree with you one bit about anyone free to invest in ibo land. I stay in the east for 8 good yrs the truth is dat we have more dubious and evil minded ibos than good ones which is why the tribe is avoided by everyone. Now back to the issue at hand, I want to ask, if you are going for war, what preparations do you make? Is getting food supplies from the person you are warring with part of your strategy? The starvation strategy is used up till tomorrow! how do you explain UN saying the oil of some countries should not be bought because they are fighting UN? but the countries look for alternative means to sell their produce and survive, your leaders that called for Biafra should have thought that through before declaring war or better still have a secret food bunker where food can be provided in rations during the war or. Nobody should blame anyone for his or her failure because we are the very architects of your destiny. learn from the Biafra mistake. God bless us all.
conscience is an open wound, only truth can heal it -Dan Fodio
TIMISHO, How can you sleep when you have murdered sleep? how long will you continue to run away from your shadow.there will be no peace for the wicked.the blood of the two million women and children murdered by your god Awo will continue to hunt you.that you are now desperate and running from pillar to post all in an effort to defend the indefensible is understandable.you can only suppress the the truth for some time but not forever
The past is hurting ..........
The past is actually hurting the present because every awful pain bears a very bright spot.The war may be years over but the emotional scars will remain quite indelible in many of our minds years to come,if we still hang on to the same old lyrics over and again.
I know it is hard to forget and forgive,but however, a little drop of water in overheated cooking pan will accelerete the healing process instead of the claims and counter claims.
Why can't Achabe blame northerners
Why can't Achabe blame northerners who slaughtered millions of Ibos in the north? Whereas in the west nobody killed them.The reason is that they dare not say any bad thing against hausa or fulani or they will be death meat. No wonder boko haram does not want crinminals in their land. Look at what they did to Cynthia. Let them go back to their land and leave Yoruba alone. If Nigeria is divided today, millions of Ibos will not go back because they don't have places to go.They will either stay in Yoruba land or Delta. This is real
Selective Amnesia!
Achebe have selected what he wish to forget & he tried to re-event the wheel. I am not speaking 4 D political icon, Chief Obafemi Awolowo, because the visionary elder state man already addressed D issue among all others over 20s years ago. If I may ask, is it possible for enemies at war to feed themselves during battle? You can't war against constituted authority and expect same to feed you. Who is fooling who? The tail can't wag the dog but the dog that wags the tail. I pray my Ibo brothers not perish for lack of basic knowledge or for their parochial tribal sentiments. The Ibo leaders that led their people into an unprepared Biafra war should apologise for their selfish & adventurous stupidity.
Achebe is old & tired. Let's accommodate his impaired judgments. The Ibos are a Race that have ended up losing in the scheme of arrangements in present day Naija. Largely because their greed for money. The root is their envy of the Yoruba race.
Selective Amnesia!
Achebe selected what he wished to forget & he tried to re-event the wheel. I am not speaking 4 D political icon, Chief Obafemi Awolowo, because the visionary elder state man have addressed the issue 20years ago.
If I may ask, is it possible for enemies at war to feed themselves during battle? You can't war against constituted authority and expect same to feed you. Who is fooling who? The tail cannot wag the dog, it is the dog that wags the tail.
I pray my Ibo people will not perish for lack of knowledge or for parochial tribal sentiments. The Ibo leaders that led their people into an unprepared war should apologise for their selfish & adventurous actions.
Achebe is old & tired. Let's accommodate his impaired judgments. The Ibos are a Race that have ended up losing in the scheme of arrangements in present day Naija. Largely because their greed for money. The root is their envy of the Yoruba race.
Awolowo and Igbo people
Late Chief Obafemi Awolowo of blessed memory so much hated Igbo people that he chose Phillip Ezebilo Umeadi, an Igbo man, as his running mate during the 1979 presidential election. Despite this move, majority of Igbo people voted for Shagari/Ekwueme. Fulani & Igbo, respectively, and they won. Igbos work, own businesses and properties, and live peacefully in SW & SS Nigeria, and until the recent Boko Haram saga, in all of Northern Nigeria. Yet, no non-Igbo will feel free to go to Igboland to look for work, trade or own a property. Go to Alaba market along Badagry expressway in Lagos State and see how Igbo people conduct their business. They will choke any non-Igbo who attempts to open a store in their midst. Igbo people, please think deeply and change your attitude to other Nigerians.
Achebe is a
Achebe is a senile,frustrated, bitter old Igbo man. Bitter also because he did not win the Nobel Prize for literature. Achebe is one of the most tribal Igbo men I have ever seen. He is also a liar and ignorant. For example in page 46, he said: “when Sir Ahmadu Bello, the Sardauna of Sokoto, decided to create the Northern People’s Congress (NPC) in the late 1940s...” But Dr. Barau Dikko CREATED the NPC! So if our so called great writer is ignorant of this basic fact, what else has he been ignorant of, in his narrative?
No one is prevented from
No one is prevented from buying a land in Igboland and building. Yorubas are u ready to go to Igboland and build?
oluku
Wat is d name of d president of Nigeria. Goodluck Ebele Azikiwe Jonathan. Does that sound like a Yoruba or Hausa name? Fool!
U have no brains. Dirty
U have no brains. Dirty stinking Yoruba thing. Go n kiss ur hausa brother in maiduguri. Aftall U ppl had dat right bcos lagos was capital of Nigeria. Mak Enugu capital ofcuz its our turn next.Yorubas are Cowards and deadly viper. If U see a Yoruba and see snake, kill Yoruba first.
U have no brains. Dirty
U have no brains. Dirty stinking Yoruba thing. Go n kiss ur hausa brother in maiduguri. Aftall U ppl had dat right bcos lagos was capital of Nigeria. Mak Enugu capital ofcuz its our turn next.
May God seal that ur
May God seal that ur treacherous evil mouth. U knw nothing about d Igbos. Igbos love themselvs and wanted to be on their own but U cowards didn't agree. We will leave soon. Ur yorubaland is cursed. All ppl knw is how to talk paraparapara AWOLOWO AND HIS PPL ARE SERPENTS! Deadlier than viper! YORUBAs are COWARDs and talk like Women. They cannot evn fight any war. Have they ever braved it? No, Neva! no yoruba man can do that because they are cowards. Ibos are braviest and wise and are world class brains. We are not afraid to be on our own. Wait till they biafra is declared. Yoruba will pee on their panties bcos Hausa go show them pepper but make sure una carry Naija delta ppl along. We cannot 4gt so soon d pains of Biafra War!
ONE NATION!!! NO NATION
IT IS RIPE THE TIME WE PLUCK OUR FRUITS EITHER FROM THE TREE PLANTED BY ZIK,AWO OR BELLO...IF THE YORUBAS I KNOW TODAY IS THE SAME YESTERDAY THEN ACHEBE IS RIGHT.IF THE IBOS ARE THE SAME IBO OF YESTERDAY THEN HE IS ALSO RIGHT AND LASTLY IF THE HAUSA THAT BELLO REPRESENTED ARE THE SAME YESTERDAY ACHEBE IS ALSO RIGHT.....IN MY OWN LITTLE QUEST I HOPE FOR BIAFRA FOR MY CHILDREN AND ALSO HOPE TO NORTHERN NIGERIA, FOR MY FRIENDS OF THE NORTH TO ALSO LOOK FORWARD TO A SUCCESSION...SORRY NOT A CORRECT WORD TO USE AT THIS POINT IN TIME AS THEY THE NORTH ARE THE MASTERS THEN.
NIGERIAN BRAVE UP AND AVOID THIS LATENESS TO SEPARATION I BELIEVE IN AND WILL ALWAYS BELIEVE IN.

